The question I was asked was: What are the particular challenges you think we (meaning children’s book authors, editors, educators, advocates, lovers of children’s literature) face?

This was my response:

“I think one of the challenges is keeping young people’s skill and interest in reading high enough to take advantage of the opportunities that will be waiting for them.

In my book Raising Bookworms: Getting Kids Reading for Pleasure and Empowerment (Beech Tree Books, 2008), I talk about how much reading skills correspond to our ability to be confident, engaged, informed citizens. They affect how well we communicate, succeed in school and in our chosen careers, and ultimately our level of personal fulfillment. In fact, order to participate fully in society and the workplace in 2020 and beyond, we will all need powerful literacy abilities. But with all that competes for our attention these days, from television to the internet to electronic games and social networking, we face the possibility of a serious decline in the reading and writing skills of the next generation.

Our strength as readers and writers is profoundly influenced by how much of it we do – the more we read, the easier it gets. The easier it gets, the more we enjoy it, so the more we read. But we have to start by actually reading – and the key lies in making that activity as attractive as all the other temptations out there. We achieve that by focusing on activities that support the joy in reading (as opposed to reading as chore, or duty)…and by ensuring that what is being read is so good that the reader gets hooked and comes back for more.

That’s why I’m dedicated to supporting children’s book authors in the continued development of their craft. We have a huge responsibility on our hands. It only takes one great book to turn someone on to reading… but those great books need to keep being written and gotten into the hands of children!”

This is why you must write that book. If you have ever felt that nudge… that gentle (or perhaps, at this point, nagging) whisper in your ear to get that idea down on paper, I am here to hold you accountable. We can only keep the next generation (and those after that) reading, and writing – and using creative expression to solve problems and promote awareness, and cultivate compassion, and address the issues before them with artfulness and thought – if we continue to provide them with the tools to do so.  And the first (and best, in my view) is a good book.

So, get writing. Who knows? You may be the next Madeleine L’Engle… but even if your story touches just one child, one heart, that’s reason enough for it to exist.  One might even say you have a responsibility to put it out there.

There are essentially two different types of conferences that children’s book authors should be aware of:

1)    the Sales and Marketing kind, at which booksellers, librarians, educators and publishers gather to confer, and most importantly, shop

2)    the Professional Deveopment/Educational kind, at which authors and illustrators gather to learn from one another and to network.

The first category encompasses the following essential book fairs, expos and festivals:

BEA/Book Expo America – Once a year, every May. Primarily for the trade -  for bookseller’s and publishers to do their “shopping” and promoting to one another. Librarians and educators also frequent BEA.  Authors should be sure their books are being represented there. www.bookexpoamerica.com

SCBWI/Society of Children’s Book Writers & Illustrators – 2 major fairs a year, one in the spring and one in the fall. The fairs are usually in New York, but there are local chapters which send out newsletters and host events that authors should be sure to take advantage of. You can find out more at http://www.scbwi.org

ALA/American Library Association – One enormously important annual fair, attended by librarians, educators and authors from all over the country. Bear in mind that ALA is also in charge of some of the most influential children’s book awards, such as the Caldecott and Newberry.  www.ala.org

Bologna Book Fair – Primarily about selling rights to the international market. http://www.bookfair.bolognafiere.it/en/

Other major national events in the industry include the LA Times Festival of Books in April (http://events.latimes.com/festivalofbooks ), TLA (the Texas Library Association) (http://www.TXLA.org) and the San Francisco Book Festival (http://www.sanfranciscobookfestival.com) – and of course, on a very local basis, there are always annual author events at local schools, bookstores and libraries, plus writers workshops, book fairs, presentations, and signings that may be worthwhile to pursue in your own district.

The second category is all about professional development and your own learning curve. These conferences are strictly for writers to learn from one another, and from editors, agents and publishers in their genre. Many of these offer credit, and afford opportunities to network and build connections that might otherwise be elusive. Some examples:

AWP – The Association of Writers and Writing Programs, which celebrates authors, teachers, writing programs, literary centers, and small press publishers. One of the biggest and liveliest literary gatherings in North America. http://www.awpwriter.org/conference/

The Southampton Children’s Literature Conference – Sponsored by Stony Brook Southampton’s MFA in Writing and Literature. Part of the acclaimed Southampton Writers Conferences (which also include fiction, memoir, poetry, playwriting and screenwriting), and rapidly becoming one of the best writers conferences in the industry. Full disclosure: I’m the director of, and teach for, this Children’s Literature Conference.  http://www.stonybrook.edu/writers

There are also a number of other statewide children’s literature and writing conferences that can be found by Googling “children’s literature conferences” or “writing conferences.”

Writing can be a lonely business, so wherever you are drawn to, confer, confer, confer!

Manuscripts that are overwritten, under-developed, derivative, riddled with mistakes, or out of touch with the marketplace often won’t make it past the pre-screener’s desk – so it’s imperative that yours is in the best possible shape before you even think of submitting it for publication or agent consideration.  The best way to do that is by hiring a freelance editor to give it the once over before you submit. It can actually make the difference between a book getting selected for publication or not.

I work with freelance editors regularly myself. Even though I am one, I can’t edit my own work – and I don’t see the weaknesses in my writing that I can spot in other people’s.  I recently got a comprehensive, page-by-page evaluation of a picture-book manuscript I’m working on that included a round of follow up questions. It was invaluable, and well worth the investment.

There are a number of editorial services to choose from.  A manuscript evaluation gives you comprehensive written feedback as to what the strengths and weaknesses of your story are, as well as recommendations for character and plot development, assessments of theme and structure, and so forth. Armed with this evaluation, you then conduct your own rewrite.  Content- or line-editing means line-by-line recommendations for changes to words, sentence structure and grammar, as well as refinements in plot, character development, theme, and narrative. This service is obviously more expensive, but depending on your needs may be more helpful.  Copy-editing is generally proof-reading and fact checking.

Finding the right editor is a little like finding the right athletic coach or teacher for your child.  You need to feel safe about placing your cherished manuscript in their hands, and trust that it will be nurtured and supported in its development and be the stronger and better for it. There are several good places to conduct a search. One is the Editorial Freelancers Association, which most freelance editors are members of. You can also find editors on Elance and Guru as well as through Media Bistro.  If you are a member of the Society of Children’s Book Writers and Illustrators (and if you aren’t a member, you should be) they will give you a pdf list of member editors they recommend. The latter is probably your best guarantee of quality.  Of course, you can also conduct a Google or other search-engine search – simply enter the words “childrens book editors” or “freelance editors” and explore the websites that come up.

The following are six steps to help you identify and select the right editor for you:

1)    Decide what type of editing service you need: manuscript evaluation, content or line editing, or proof-reading. When in doubt, go for an evaluation first. Most editors will give you a break on the price of follow-up line-editing if they have provided an evaluation first, and this can be the most cost-effective way to get the best result.

2)    Look for someone who has significant experience in the children’s book industry, either as an author or an editor – preferably both – and specifically in the genre you are writing in.

3)    Ask to see samples of their work.  Some editors will share anonymous examples of their evaluations, others will offer to line-edit two or three pages of your manuscript so that you can get a sense of whether their style and approach is simpatico with yours.

4)    Review any testimonials and endorsements, or ask for references you can contact.

5)    Ascertain their pricing structure, and be very clear about understanding what you will get for that price. If you are getting an evaluation, will it be in writing so you can refer to it later as needed?  Are you allowed any follow-up questions? Will they give you a projected schedule for completion of their work? How about a discount off of any future services?

Once you’ve researched your options, narrow it down – and then go with your gut as to who feels the most accessible, professional and right for your particular project.

The following is some basic information on social networking for children’s books… but the field is morphing so fast, that there are scores more opportunities in this area out there that even I don’t know about… so I hope those of you who are using these resources will take the time to comment and share what you know.

The prime social networking sites these days are Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn.  (If you’re a YA writer, then MySpace is also worthwhile.) The real power comes from connecting these sites to each other (or to your blog), so that you need only post information in one place and it goes out to all of them. One way to do this is through Ping.fm – though you will also find ways on the sites themselves to connect with eachother.

Here’s the basic info:

1)  Facebook is the most used social network worldwide.  Users maintain a database of friends and update their personal profiles to notify friends about their activities. Users can also join special interest networks and groups, and become ‘fans’ of certain pages (such as the Society of Children’s Book Writers and Illustrators.)  If you are a published author, you need to have not only a basic Facebook identity but also a Facebook fan page, in order to separate your friends from your fans. You can then link these to your Twitter account…

2) Twitter is a social networking/microblogging service, through which users send (and read) messages known as tweets. Tweets are brief updates of up to 140 characters, displayed on the author’s profile page and delivered to the author’s subscribers, known as followers. ‘Tweeting’ means posting regular news updates about your activities to your followers. This can be purely social, or it can be a powerful marketing tool -  a way to build your list, and get your followers to come to your events, buy your book, etc. Bear in mind that, if you are a children’s book author, you need to be selective as to who you allow to become a follower. I have had the experience of allowing anyone to follow my tweets, then looking more closely at a follower’s icon or identity and discovering they were clearly somebody with a different agenda. You want to be sure your followers are authentically interested in children’s literature. The way to do that is to click back through to a would-be follower’s profile before you approve them as a follower. This way you can see what their information says about them.

3) LinkedIn is a business-oriented social networking site, in which users maintain a list of people they know and trust in business (called Connections). This list creates a network that consists of direct connections, the connections of each of their connections, and the connections of second- and third-degree connections (talk about six degrees!), which can then be used to explore news, jobs, and business opportunities. LinkedIn users can also join groups (such as “Childrens Publishing” or “SCBWI Members”) for news and networking with like-minded business colleagues.

4) Other Sites – There are a few other key sites for children’s book authors. Among them are JacketFlap, SCBWI.org, WritersDigest.com, and MediaBistro.com. Each of these sites requires the user to create a profile, and affords unique opportunities for users to connect and network with one another, posting and promoting news items.

Bear in mind that social networking is only as good as your profile on each site: how complete and detailed it is, and how often you update it. It is also time consuming.  For those of us looking for excuses to avoid writing, it’s a really good distraction. Because I manage Facebook and Twitter sites relative to my own stuff as well as the Julie Andrews Collection and Southampton Children’s Literature Conference, I have to give myself goals in terms of how many tweets or posts I make a week or a month relative to each of these things in order to avoid drowning in the details.

That said, there is no doubt that there is no better – or cheaper – way to build your list, or to market yourself, or your product, than to utilize this powerful resource.

Question: How can you turn one book into multiple sources of income, and continue to promote the original book at the same time?

Answer: Re-purpose it!

Re-purposing means converting the content from your book(s) into as many other formats as you can. Could your book make an audio book? An E-book? A web game?  Is there a possibility for a sequel? Can you turn it into a series? Can you make a picture book or graphic novel version of your novel? Can you re-purpose the same story for a younger audience, or an older audience? Can you adapt it into a song? Can you turn it into a play, or a musical? Can you create a workshop or build speaking engagements around the subject?  Can you offer teleseminars or webinars? What about a teacher’s guide? Articles for magazines or e-zines?  Is there a toy, a board game or another activity you could create? Can you make it the basis for a blog?

How many ways can you re-purpose one product?  In this way, you get paid anew for material you have already created, you offer your audiences greater value and opportunities to discover your message, and you gain more opportunities to promote the original work  – all at the same time.

Here are just some of the ways in which we have re-purposed our own books (and we’ve only begun to scratch the surface.) I hope this list might spark your own ideas as to how your story could be re-purposed as well:

The Dumpy the Dump Truck Series:

• Currently under consideration for a TV series
• Pajamas packaged with books for “Books to Bed”
• Fire safety and awareness package created for Dumpy and the Firefighters

Simeon’s Gift:

• Webgame based on the story (at www.julieandrewscollection.com)
• Teacher’s Guide
• Adapted into a musical for family audiences
• Further adapted into a symphonic performance

The Great American Mousical

• Webgame (www.julieandrewscollection.com)
• Song (“The Show Must Go On”)
• Teacher’s Guide
• Currently being adapted into a stage musical for family audiences

Raising Bookworms: Getting Kids Reading for Pleasure and Empowerment

• Blog
• Workshops and speaking engagements
• Articles for e-zines and literacy websites
• E-book

By the way, this principle doesn’t just apply to books. Never lead a workshop or give a presentation without recording it – then get the recording transcribed. You’ve now got the material for blogposts, articles, workshops and more. Always be on the lookout for the ways in which you can parlay your existing materials into new sources of income, and new ways to reach your audience with your idea.

Standard white paper – Don’t even think of using colored paper!

Black ink – Don’t even think of using colored ink!

Double-spaced narrative text. No dummies or proposed lay-outs.

Times or Times New Roman, #12 font. Arial and Cambria are okay too, as they’re close enough to the size of Times New Roman, but you’re really safe with Times.

1¼ inch margins (1.25) on either side, justified left and ragged on the right. That means all straight on the left margin, and uneven on the right.

Paragraphs and dialogue indented, with quotation marks around all dialogue. Every time a new person starts to speak, it’s a new indent.

Title page – a separate sheet attached to the front of your manuscript, which includes not only the working title of the manuscript and your name but also your contact information, the date, and the word count. (Yes, you must include the word count. Microsoft Word has a handy word count tool under “Tools.”) Title and byline should be centered, and contact info, date and word count are on the bottom right. (The date is the last time you edited it, not the first time you sat down to write it. And don’t worry about putting “copyright” or a copyright symbol… it can be construed as amateurism.)

Pagination – all pages numbered, either bottom center or bottom right.

Footer including your last name, and the title of the book. The reason for this is so that if your manuscript pages ever get separated in the editor’s office they can be reassembled – and it’s clear who the pages belong to.

One staple, in the top left corner.

No illustrations, and no art directions.  Just the text. This is critical – unless you are an author/illustrator. Your publisher considers it his or her job to pair a writer with the right illustrator, so absolutely DO NOT include illustrations, whether by someone you have hired, your spouse, your best friend, or your kid. The only exception here is for author/illustrators… and if you are unknown, convey your willingness to bring in a third-party illustrator (or author, if art is your forte) if need be.  I can’t tell you how many manuscripts I’ve seen get turned down because they “loved the art, but hated the text” or vice versa.

No comments or directives on the text. Don’t suggest what the art should look like, or how the pages should be broken up. Again, editors/publishers consider this part of their job, and are irritated at best (and insulted at worst) by neophyte authors who include these suggestions with their submissions. Respect the agent’s or publisher’s imagination and intelligence (and show them that you are a pro) by submitting text only, in the format described above.

Next week we’ll talk about cover and query letters – and after that, finding an agent.

Generally speaking, dialogue should make up at least one-third of a picture book, and should convey as much information as the narrative text. Dialogue enables the writer to be both direct and economical – it’s far more effective and efficient for a character to say, “Go away!” than for the narrative say, “He told her to go away.”

The key to dialogue is the way in which it reveals or develops character. What does the way in which our characters speak say about who they are – their age? Level of education? Background? The time period the story is taking place in? For instance, what do you know about a character who says, “I’ll be your best friend!” versus “I’d be forever in your debt…”?

We also want to think about the words themselves conveying emotion, rather than needing to comment on or explain the emotion with adjectives and adverbs. This is often referred to as “show, don’t tell” – otherwise known as the writer’s mantra.  “Show, don’t tell” means “reveal through the action of the story, rather than telling us or describing things to us.” Show us how naive, shy, judgmental, ornery, or practical so-and-so is… how much he loves his blankie, hates bugs, wants to drive the bus. Show us through action, behavior, and dialogue, rather than you, the narrator, telling us with descriptive text.  Keep the focus on verbs rather than adjectives and adverbs, and action rather than description, to move your story forward.

Here again, Mo Willems’ books are worth studying.  The pigeon’s state of mind, his emotional journey, progresses through each book with only dialogue and body language.  The pigeon sits on the ground, with wings crossed and a frown on his face, saying, “No fair!” and we know he is a) a child, b) both angry and disappointed, and c) resigned to his lot.  Mo Willems is a true master of “Show, don’t tell” – and even those of us who use narrative text can learn from his example.

Even better is to have a website for yourself as an author, and one for each of your book projects. The URL (web address) for your own site should ideally be your name with “.com” after it, but if you have a common name and/or that’s taken, go for .net or .biz. (.org is OK too, though that generally suggests a not-for-profit organization). For your book projects, you ideally want “title of yourbook.com” but if that is not available, go for a close facsimile (can you substitute “2″ for “to” or “4″ for “for?) OR something that suggests what the book is about. (I purchased RaisingBookworms.com for my book, but I also got GettingKidsReading.com as an alternative web address to bring people to the site for my book.)

You can hire a website designer to create your site for you, or you can do it yourself. Nowadays there are literally dozens of easy, do-it-yourself website options. I am not especially tech savvy, but I’ve done a bit of both. It’s a question of time. Whether you build it yourself or you hire someone to build it for you, you don’t have to spend a lot of money on it – and it doesn’t have to be very complicated. Nowadays, most people are using “open-source” (meaning FREE) website building programs. Among the most popular of these is WordPress (which I have just switched over to using.) But even Google has a do-it-yourself website option. My 13 year old son often helps me with website maintenance and could build a website very easily. Most kids know more about the web than we do these days, so finding a savvy teen to help can be a very cost-effective way to go.

The basic information you need to have on your author site is this:
• Your bio (and be sure to keep it updated!)
• Detailed information about your book(s), including a photo of the cover, synopsis, 13-digit ISBN number, price, any awards, honors and reviews, and most especially a link to where to buy it (we’ll talk about affiliate programs in another post, where you can make commission off of anything sold by being referred from your site). If you have multiple books, you should also offer a printable list of all the titles/ISBN’s that a reader can easily download and take to a book store.
• A media kit, consisting of a downloadable photograph of yourself and any and all news items related to you, press releases about your books, or articles that relate to you or your book. (Articles written about you or your book show people that you have a platform and are of interest. Articles that relate to your subject matter advocate for you and demonstrate the relevance of your topic or theme.)
• A calendar that lets people know where you’ll be signing or speaking, when your next book will be out, and any other newsworthy information. Google Calendar is great – and it’s free. Once you have it, you can copy and paste the code into numerous websites and/or link to it in multiple places (like Facebook, or any other social networking sites). This way you only ever have to update one calendar, and it automatically updates it everywhere it’s posted.
• Your blog – More on this in a later post, but it is hugely helpful to have a blog… particularly if you have a niche.
• Recommended reading lists of other books in your genre that you admire. This gives you credibility as a writer and a member of the industry.
• Fun stuff, like games or downloads. For example, if you’re a picture book author, can you convert one of your illustrations into a black and white line drawing that kids can download and color in? Can you come up with a quiz related to your story? A printable bookmark? Are there some games you can come up with? For our book, The Great American Mousical, which is about mice putting on their own show in the basement of a Broadway theater, we created coloring pages from the illustrations as well as trivia quizzes and theater etiquette lessons.
• An opt-in invitation, or subscription button, where people can join your mailing list. This is worthy of an entire blog entry (which I will get to!) but for now, you want to be constantly thinking about ways to build your list, and this is a critical piece.
• News about what you’re working on and what’s coming up next.
• A ‘contact’ link, so your readers, booksellers, and members of the media can reach you easily via email.

One final point. Having a website means nothing if people can’t find it. This is where the search engines (like Google) come in. And having a really slick, lots of bells-and-whistles website doesn’t necessarily correlate with more traffic. In fact, the ones that make use of a lot of flash and embedded video technology often score at the lower end of the traffic scale. Once you have a website, you’ll need to familiarize yourself with basic search engine optimization (known as SEO in tech talk). More on that later too.

Act 1: Set-Up – transition/plot twist – Act 2: Conflict/Crisis – transition/plot twist– Act 3: Resolution

Let’s take a closer look:

Act 1 – Set up: This tells us the world we’re in, who the central character is, what s/he wants, and what his/her problem is. At the end of this section there is some kind of transition or plot twist that raises the stakes, and makes it matter all the more that the character achieves his/her goal.

Act 2: The character keeps trying, keeps going for what s/he wants. Obstacles occur – either from external circumstances, or from within the character’s own make-up. Finally, something happens, some major obstacle, and – crisis! This further raises the stakes. There is another transition/plot twist – perhaps s/he is about to give up, or there is some impasse. It seems as though all is lost.

Act 3 – One last ditch effort – and then, resolution! Goal met, objective achieved, prize won – the final obstacle is overcome, yet often when offered the prize, s/he has to decide whether to take it or not… thus satisfying the need created by something in the past (at the beginning).

Most types of dramatic writing – most film scripts, most play scripts, most full length novels – follow this strict 3 act format. It’s basic dramatic structure: beginning, middle and end, or set up, crisis and resolution, and it is just as true, necessary and important in a picture book as it is in any other kind of dramatic literature. It’s also referred to as the “dramatic arc” or “journey,” and can be illustrated visually by a hill, a bell curve, a hat, a pyramid.

Stakes rise… and rise… and peak… then move toward resolution.

Over the years, we have designed and/or made our own bookmarks, postcards, posters, flyers, brochures, bookplates, downloadable activities, games and teachers guides. We’ve even made mp3’s, t-shirts, mugs, note pads, umbrellas and mouse pads. These giveaway items are invaluable at book signings, school presentations, book fairs and any other promotional or marketing opportunity. They help attract people to your table and speak for you long after you have moved on to the next gig. One of the best resources in this regard is Modern Postcard.com. This terrific company makes not just postcards but bookmarks, flyers, brochures and posters of all different shapes and sizes. Their printing is high quality, their costs are reasonable, and you can do it all digitally. The more you print, the less expensive it gets. And once you’ve placed your initial order, reprints/re-orders are a piece of cake.

Of course, with children’s books we want to think primarily about items that have kid appeal. How creative can you get? What can you come up with that relates to your book that you can print on and/or give away inexpensively? Think about balloons, pens, pencils, rulers, bubbles, stickers, craft items, toys, coloring books… the possibilities are endless. For these kinds of items you can use a source such as cafepress.com or zazzle.com. They will print your graphic, logo or message on any number of items that you can either buy at cost and give away at your events, or you can create your own virtual “store” that you can link to from your own website, sell the items and actually make some cash and get promotion at the same time.

Oh, we haven’t talked about creating your own website yet, have we? Stay tuned…